THE
CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE AGES
i. Clergy – pray
ii. Nobility – fight
iii. Commons – work
i. Religious explanation of supernatural
ii. Penance - punishment undergone in token of penitence/sorrow for sin e.g., hair shirts, flagellation, pilgrimage
i. Mixture of religion, politics, business
ii. Parish – smallest unit in church
1. Church built by local lord
2. Tithe = 1/10 of produce of manor
3. Glebe – village land reserved for the church
iii.
Diocese
1. Basic unit of church, home of bishop, centered in town or city
2. Close connection with feudal institutions
iv.
Bishop of
1.
Most important of bishops in
2. Petrine supremacy – Matthew 16:18
i.
Departure of emperor to
ii. Missionary efforts
iii. Separation of church into Eastern and Western halves (1054 official break)
i. Theology – penance/purgatory/indulgences
ii. Liturgy – Gregorian chants
iii. Sponsored Benedictine monks
iv. Monasteries
1. Agricultural colonies
2. Centers of learning
3. Emphasized obedience to pope
i. 1091 Emperor Alexius I of Byzantine Empire requested help of Pope Urban II
ii. 1096 First Crusade
iii. Motives?
1.
Religious – win
2.
Political – Win
3. Economic – acquire land and loot from infidel